Which of the following is a true statement about federal antitrust penalties?

The statement that the maximum fine may be increased to twice the gain or loss involved accurately reflects the provisions of federal antitrust laws. Specifically, the Sherman Act and the Clayton Act address various forms of anti-competitive behavior and establish penalties for violations. Under certain circumstances, if a violation of antitrust laws results in a gain or a loss, the court may impose fines that amount to twice the value of that gain or loss. This serves as a deterrent and ensures that individuals and organizations are held accountable for anti-competitive practices.

Understanding this concept is crucial, as it underscores the seriousness with which the federal government treats violations of antitrust laws. It creates a robust financial disincentive for engaging in practices like price-fixing, market allocation, or other conspiracies aimed at restraining trade.

In contrast, other choices do not accurately reflect the legal framework surrounding federal antitrust penalties. For instance, the maximum fine for antitrust violations far exceeds $1 million in many cases, especially when considering adjustments for damages. Additionally, fines are certainly imposed for violations, and enforcement mechanisms are not limited to state authorities; federal authorities, such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), play a significant role in this